Products
Plant Science Instruments / Fluorometers
Double-Modulation Fluorometer
Double-Modulation Fluorometer FL3000/X measures Chl-fluorescence signal with a time resolution of up to 1 μs in the Fast FL3000/F version or up to 2 μs in the Standard FL3000/S version. Measured fluorescence emission is excited by a set of light-emitting diodes that generate short measuring flashes; the photochemistry is driven by single-turnover flashes or by continuous actinic irradiance. Chlorophyll fluorescence is detected by a PIN photodiode and digitized by a 16-bit A/D converter.
The instrument supports Pulse Amplitude Modulation measurements and, at the same time, can capture fast OJIP transients or perform rapid measurements of QA- reoxidation kinetics, S-states, or of the effective antenna size. The major novel feature of this fluorometer is the capacity of the instrument to generate rectangular actinic flashes of extremely high power. Full reduction of QA acceptor can be achieved within 25 μs and the instrument can measure fluorescence induction during such a single-turnover saturating flash. This technique is used to determine the effective antenna size of the Photosystem II as well as its heterogeneity and connectivity without disturbing the measured system by DCMU or other herbicides (Nedbal et al., 1999, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: 48, 154-157, Koblizek et al., 2001, Photosynth.Res., 68 (2): 141-152).
Photosynthetically active samples, either suspensions, leaves, or even corals, can be investigated for their photochemical yields, quenching parameters, state transitions, or for the kinetics of photosynthetic redox reactions. The Double-Modulation Fluorometer is manufactured in several custom-made versions: Standard, Fast, Leaf-Clip, High-Sensitivity, Submersible, or the pocket-sized FluorPen.
FL3000/S SuperHead StandardThe core of the instrument is the measuring optical head containing a standard cuvette for sample suspensions (10 x 10 mm base, up to 4 ml of internal volume). |
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FL3000/F SuperHead FastFL3000/F - SuperHead Fast is designed to measure
suspensions of chloroplasts, thylakoids, algae, or cyanobacteria. |
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FL3000/HS High-SensitivityThe core of the instrument is an integrating Teflon sphere containing the sample holder. The optical ports of the sphere are supplied with three sets of light-emitting diodes and with an avalanche photodiode detector. As an option, the instrument can be supplied with a second detector to capture fluorescence transients in an alternative spectral band. Measuring flashes, single-turnover saturating flashes, and continuous actinic light are of blue color, λmax=455 nm. Light intensities and timing are software controlled, separately for each LED set. The data are processed and the instrument is controlled by the FluorWin software (Windows 95/98/2000/XP compatible). |
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FL3000/LC Leaf ClipFL3000/LC - Leaf-Clip is designed to measure fluorescence
of plant leaves or their segments. |
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FluorPen FP100FluorPen is a portable, accurate, and inexpensive instrument that measures chlorophyll fluorescence emission of plants. Simple two-button operation, LCD display and the memory for 1,000 measurements of steady state Chl-fluorescence and PSII quantum yield, those are the features designed for rapid measurements in a plant biology lab or in field. The instrument can be effectively used for studying photosynthetic activity, stress detection, herbicide testing, or mutant screening. Affordable price also makes this instrument a perfect tool for teaching photosynthesis. |
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ThermoluminescenceThermoluminescence is a powerful technique that investigates the structure of energetic levels of Photosystem II. |
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