Open FluorCam is a highly modular instrument with flexible

geometry.  The LED panels and the light source generating

saturating flashes can be arranged at various angles and

distances from the sample.  The position of the camera

may also be adjusted for added precision.  The maximum

area for imaging with standard hardware is 13 x 13 cm,

respectively 20 x 20 cm, depending on the size of selected

light source.  Much larger areas, up to 200 x 100 cm, can be

imaged by the addition of LED paneles and /or by mounting

the whole system on a movable frame - see the XY-Plane,

Transect, Arch, and Rover Customized FluorCams, or Open

FluorCam video.

Closed FluorCam represents a highly  innovative,  world-wide

used system of multispectral kinetic fluorescence imaging.

It consists of a CCD camera, four fixed LED panels and ,

optionally, of a 4-position filter wheel.  The LED paneles

provide uniform irradiance over samples up to 13 x 13 cm

suitable for small plants, detached leaves, algal dilutions,

etc.  The system allows dark adaptation. The price includes

a high-performance PC and comprehensive software package.

Handy FluorCam is designed for kinetically resolved

fluorescence imaging of leaves and small plants both

in a field and laboratory.  The typical size of an investigated

object is smaller than 3 x 3 cm.

In all applications, the camera allows imaging of fluorescence

transients that are induced by actinic light or by by saturating

flashes.  The timing and amplitude of actinic irradiance are

determined by user-defined protocols.  The FluorCam software

package includes a Wizard with the most frequentlly used

experimental protocols.  For an experienced professional,

the software offers a sophisticated programming lanugage

that can be used for designing novel timing and measuring

seaquences.  The essential features of the instrument are

similar to the FluoCam closed version.

Leaf Chamber FluorCam has all the imaging features of the

other instruments of the FluorCam family, but it is designed

for attachment to a leaf gas exchange chamber.  Thus, the

chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can be performed at the

same time as the gas exchnge measurements.  A great

advantage of the Leaf Chamber FluorCam is  that the leaf

chamber can be used to control precisely the environment

of the sample , e.g., with respect to temperature, relative

humidity and the partial pressure of various gasses that

influence photosynthesis and transpiration (CO2, O2,

water vapor).

Micro-FluorCam FC 2000 extends the complete capacity of

kinetic chlorophyll or GFP fluorescence imaging to the realm

of individual cells and sub-cellular structures.  All conventional

fluorescence parameters can be mapped with micrometer

resolution so that individual chloroplasts or even grana-

stroma thylakoid segments can be investigated.

*Combination of kinetic Chl/GFP-fluorescence imaging and

  standard wide-field fluorescence microscopy(in certain versions)

*Motorized 6-position filter wheel (in certain versions)

*Multiple fluorephores imaging (in certain versions)

*10 μs to 20 ms exposure time to per frame

*512 x 512 (or640 x640, or 1392 x 1040) pixel spatial

  resolution.

*12 bit dynamic range.

*70% peak quantum yield with about 4 electrons readout noise.

*The instrument combines an attractive price with the

  advantage of portability.